Potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease evaluation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease characterized by progressive lung fibrogenesis and histological features of usual interstitial pneumonia. IPF has a poor prognosis and presents a spectrum of disease courses ranging from slow evolving disease to rapid deterioration; thus, a differential diagnosis remains challenging. Several biomarkers have been identified to achieve a differential diagnosis; however, comprehensive reviews are lacking. This review summarizes over 100 biomarkers which can be divided into six categories according to their functions: differentially expressed biomarkers in the IPF compared to healthy controls; biomarkers distinguishing IPF from other types of interstitial lung disease; biomarkers differentiating acute exacerbation of IPF from stable disease; biomarkers predicting disease progression; biomarkers related to disease severity; and biomarkers related to treatment. Specimen used for the diagnosis of IPF included serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissue, and sputum. IPF-specific biomarkers are of great clinical value for the differential diagnosis of IPF. Currently, the physiological measurements used to evaluate the occurrence of acute exacerbation, disease progression, and disease severity have limitations. Combining physiological measurements with biomarkers may increase the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnosis and disease evaluation of IPF. Most biomarkers described in this review are not routinely used in clinical practice. Future large-scale multicenter studies are required to design and validate suitable biomarker panels that have diagnostic utility for IPF.

Mesenchymal stem cells transplantation alleviates pulmonary emphysema and oxidative stress in rat / 天津医药

Objective To test the effect of bone marrow mesenehymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation on oxidative stress and the development of pulmonary emphysema in rats. Methods SD rats (n=26) were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group (group A, n=8),emphysema group (group B, n=8) and emphysema+MSCs transplantation group (group C, n=10).Rat models of emphysema was established by exposing rats to cigarette smoking for 14 weeks. Then rats of group C received MSCs transplantation. At the 14th and 28th days after 4 course of MSCs transplantations, one rat in group C was sacrificed at each time point and their lungs were preserved in frozen sections. Survival of MSCs in the lung tissues were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Eight weeks after transplantations, lung sections were stained by hematoxylin and eo?sin (HE) to observe the morphological alterations.Mean linear intercept (MLI) and mean alveolar numbers (MAN) were also measured. Serum and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also examined. Re?sults At the 14th day and 28th day after transplantations of MSCs, MSCs successfully localized to lung and survived in rat models of emphysema. Emphysematous changes of lung tissues were observed in both group B and group C. MLI was higher while MAN was lower in group B and C than those in group A (P<0.05). MLI and MDA levels in serum and lung were high?er while MAN level and SOD activity were lower in group B than those in group C (P<0.05).MDA levels in serum and lung was higher while SOD activity was lower in group B and C than those in group A (P<0.05). Conclusion MSCs transplanta?tions can effectively alleviates pulmonary emphysema in rat models which might through reducing oxidative stress .

Lung Cancer Cell Culture from Bronchofibroscopic Biopsy / 昆明医科大学学报

Objetive To investigate a method of collecting lung cancer cells with bronchofibroscopic biopsy for primary culture and to improve the success rate of primary culture. Methods Thirty lung cancer specimens were obtained through bronchoscopic biopsy for primary culture. The correlation of cancer morphology under bronchofi-broscopy and success rate of primary culture was analyzed. Results Among the lung cancer specimens obtained through bronchoscopic biopsy, primary culture was successful in 17 of 30 cases (56.67%) . The success rate of cauliflower-like tumor mass under bronchofibroscopy was 84.62% (11/13) . The success rate of infiltrating tumor mass under bronchial mucosa with luminal stenosis with or without cristate were 66.67% (2/3) and 37.5%(3/8), respectively. The primary culture of a globular and stiff tumor mass was successful only 1 in 6 cases (16.67%) .Conclusions The primary culture of lung cancer cells obtained from bronchofibroscopic biopsy is simple and effective with a total success rate of 56.67%. Furthermore, the success rate of primary culture is signifi-cantly correlated with the cancer morphology under bronchofibroscopy.